The article deals with the environmental policies of large mining companies operating in the Russian Arctic. The introduction of mandatory requirements for the submission of environmental reporting is directly related to corporate social responsibility, which cannot be ignored by mining companies that calculate the risks associated with the negative impact of industry on the environment and take into account the interests of stakeholders in the Arctic. Inconsistency of the norms and legislation on subsoil with the norms of land, water, forest and faunistic legislation, as well as with the environmental safety norms, contradictory law enforcement practice make the topic of this article relevant and needed. It is necessary to develop a unified concept of environmental protection and environmental safety on the use of subsoil at the state level, which would provide for an optimal combination of social, economic and environmental interests. In this article, based on the adopted strategic documents and established practice in Russia and the world, we will talk about taking into account the environmental factor in the development of deposits in the Arctic, concluding agreements with residents of the Arctic zone, and applying the liability standard by subsoil users. At the same time, at present, for the majority of mining companies in Russia, the submission of social, environmental and sustainable development reports, information on the company’s strategy in the field of ethical business conduct, taking into account the opinions of stakeholders, is not provided for by law.

The article considers the activities of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and its departments for the study of the social structure and legal life of the indigenous peoples of the North-East of Asia. The article characterizes the democratic programmatic goals for the study of the customary law of the peoples of Russia in the second half of the 19^th – early 20^th centuries, their significance and relevance for the realities of modern life. Russian social thought in the second half of the 19^th century was characterized by a respectful and careful attitude to the way of thinking and life of the peoples of Russia. The article introduces some of the largest works, valuable conclusions of researchers – leaders of the IRGS and its departments on customary law. Their contribution to the preservation of unique artifacts of the legal life of the indigenous peoples of the North, which, due to the uniqueness of their life activity, still preserve the foundations of customary law, is assessed. The article states that the rich factual material collected during the expeditions and observations of the IRGS and its departments made it possible to draw correct conclusions about the interaction of customary law and elements of the Russian state system and the need to preserve elements of customary law for the everyday life of the population, because they personify the worldview peoples, their worldview.

The basis of the tourist attractiveness of the Arctic territories is the peculiarities of the geographical location, natural and climatic conditions, untouched nature, and the ethno-cultural flavor of the indigenous peoples of the North. On the other hand, environmentalists warn of an increase in the negative impact on northern nature as a result of the growing increase in the number of visits. The search for an answer to the question of how to combine the feasibility of economic development with environmental safety, within the framework of the sustainable development of the Arctic territories, is becoming increasingly important as the popularity of Arctic tourism grows and tourist flows to the region increase. In this paper, the author clarifies the definition of the concept of «Arctic tourism», highlights the most popular types of tourist services characteristic of the Arctic, performs a comparative analysis of development trends in Arctic tourism, changes that reflect the state of the tourism industry in various countries of the Arctic zone, draws conclusions regarding the prospects for the development of Arctic tourism. Because the Arctic is attractive while it is relatively inaccessible, it is necessary to carefully approach the development of routes, introduce strict environmental protection standards under state control, and limit the desire to achieve mass and profitable Arctic tourism under any conditions. It is necessary to disseminate the principles of sustainable development in the practice of tourism activities.

For modern linguistics, the main thing is the study of language in close connection with a person and his consciousness, while the analysis of linguistic facts is carried out in interaction with a linguistic personality. Much attention in modern research is paid to the study of national and cultural characteristics of the linguistic consciousness of representatives of various ethnic groups. Much less common are works that demonstrate the facts of regional national and cultural characteristics, which can only be done on the basis of territorial/regional varieties of national languages and dialect data. The article deals with semantic groupings of phraseological units based on the Russian Nizhneindigirsky old-timer dialect in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The relevance of this article is due to the insufficient study and description of phraseological units in Russian old-timer dialects in general and on the territory of Yakutia in particular. Today, we can confidently state the presence of some semantic phraseological groups for their subsequent combination at the field level. The purpose of this work is the principles of identifying and describing phraseological-semantic fields in the dialect of Russian old-timers of the Arctic in Indigirka. With the help of direct observation methods (field observations and records), continuous sampling from dialect dictionaries of various types, the descriptive method and the method of comparative analysis, it was possible to distribute the selected phraseological units by semantic fields; describe the structure of the fields themselves, their similarities and differences among themselves. The special way of life of the inhabitants of the lower Indigirka, the so-called «polar version of Russian culture», directly influenced the presence of cultural and national connotations in the form of dialect phraseological units. The sub-ethnic group of Russian old-timers on Indigirka, having gone a long way of formation, is a unique case of centuries-old interaction with the indigenous peoples of the North-East of the country, while maintaining its national and cultural identity, which is also reflected in phraseological units. The article deals with phraseosemantic fields ‘weather conditions’ and ‘labor, economic activities’.

The article is devoted to the study of oikonyms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), formed from the names of flora and fauna. The relevance of this work is due to the fact that the names of the settlements of Yakutia, which appeared from the names of plants, animals, birds, fish, have not previously been subjected to systematization and classification. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of zoo- and phytooikonyms in the toponymic system of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a detailed study of thematic groups of zoo- and phytooikonyms is carried out, taking into account linguistic and ethno-cultural aspects. It is determined which of the names of animals and plants were most often used to form the names of settlements (cities, villages, towns). As a result of lexical, ethno-cultural and statistical analysis of the group of proper names under consideration, it was concluded that zoo- and phyto-oikonyms play a crucial role in the toponymic system of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): they make up more than 20 % of all nominations of settlements and are the result of the formation material and spiritual culture of the peoples inhabiting this region. It was found that the most common zooikonyms are formed from the names of animals most revered by the peoples of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): deer, horse/horse, bear. Among phytooikonyms, the most common were the names of settlements formed from the words: pine, larch, birch, marsh marigold. The analysis of the thematic group of oikonyms derived from the names of plants and animals proposed in the article can become part of a comprehensive study of the entire toponymic system of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

The article deals with the sensory image of the North in the collection of poems by V. Shalamov «Kolyma Notebooks». The relevance is due to the fact that in the light of the development of the synesthetic approach in literature, it becomes important to approach to the verbalization of bodily sensations and emotions in literary texts. Modern literary criticism is actively interested in the problems of introduction of sensorics into the structure of a literary work. The poetics of sensory as an independent scientific problem emerged relatively recently, so the study of sensory imagery in the lyrics of V. Shalamov is notable for its novelty and relevance. The article gives an idea of the sensory poetics of the «Kolyma Notebooks», reveals its most characteristic properties associated with the image of the North. The collection is associated with sensory categories, due to which the semantic space of the lyrical text is expanded, the information saturation of its semantic fragments is increased. The artistic language of Shalamov is distinguished by conciseness, simplicity of style, in the «poetic diary» the writer managed to convey sensory experiences, construct an artistic image of the northern space. During the immanent analysis of the writer’s lyrics, it was revealed that V. Shalamov creates the image of the North with the help of five sensory systems (vision, hearing and touch, less often – hearing and smell), which reveal the author’s attitude to the tragic experience of the Kolyma imprisonment. Sensory systems work to enrich the possibility of interpreting the northern space and in-depth representation of the reality created by the author in a lyrical work.

The article is concerned with the delivery of various goods at the turn of the 18^th – 1^st quarter of the 19^th centuries to remote places of the Yakut region and to the Okhotsk Sea, which became more active in connection with the promotion and development of new territories in the Northeast. These processes increased the need for cargo delivery to the separated distant territories of the Russian Empire and became one of the special spheres of activity of the Yakuts. The article reveals how for a century and a half the drayage duty – the obligation to provide horses and guides for the transportation of goods to Okhotsk and a number of other places was put a heavy burden on the uluses of the Yakut district. It is shown how, being conditioned by strategic state tasks of border protection, strengthening the role of Russia in the region, the issue of cargo transportation by Yakuts was the cornerstone of the Yakuts’ relationship with the local administration and the tsarist government. Around this issue, there was not only bargaining about the price of transportation, but also about the division of powers and power over the indigenous peoples of the Yakut region. The article analyzes the issues of organization and distribution of state cargo transportation, up to the Port of Okhotsk, Kamchatka and Russian America, as well as its impact on the socio-economic situation of the Yakut feudal lords, based on archival data. Archival materials have preserved valuable information for science.

The article attempts to reconstruct the ancient rules of the traditional type of wrestling of the Sakha people. The authors note that the active promotion and development of traditional games and competitions with the imposition of on official sports status leads to significant changes in the rules and canons embedded in the inner essence of traditional games and competitions. Consequently, any kind of physical activity, including ethnic types of competitions, games with the status of a «sports discipline», firstly, transcend national, ethnic boundaries, and secondly, «sports» are characterized by regular changes and updates to the rules of competitions, for the sake of various «good» goals, such as: «popularization», «injury reduction», etc. As historical experience shows, the unification of the Yakut traditional types of wrestling in the 20–30’s of the last century, in particular the development of unified rules, contributed to the fact that in 1945 rules for two traditional Yakut types of wrestling were identified and formulated: kurdahan tustuu (belt wrestling) and hapsagay. However, the designation of two separate sports did not contribute to the development of both athletic discipline, and today, kurdahan tustuu (belt wrestling) is almost forgotten in our republic. Therefore, the authors argue that up to 20–30’s of the 20^th century, the Yakut traditional wrestling included elements of wrestling that allowed leg holds (syaliya) and belt holds.