COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF THE MONTHS IN RUSSIAN, YAKUT AND DOLGAN LANGUAGES

Comparative studies as one of the popular areas of modern linguistics are recognized by linguists as a promising phenomenon of the science of language. Comparative studies of languages of various types are currently very relevant. This is especially true of the languages of the early-written indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia, who have lived for many centuries in close contact with the Russian ethnos. As you know, the Russian (Slavic) language typologically belongs to the group of inflectional languages, and the Yakut (Sakha) and Dolgan (Turkic) languages belong to the classification of agglutinative languages. Thus, in phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic terms, they differ significantly from each other. Long-term ethnocultural ties of Russians, Yakuts and Dolgans were reflected primarily in the vocabulary of the languages of these ethnic groups. We chose the vocabulary of the Russian (East Slavic) and northern Turkic languages as the object of our research. The subject of the research in this article is the names of months in Russian, Yakut and Dolgan languages. Purpose of the work: semantic analysis of twelve months of the year in the above languages. The objectives of the article logically follow from the purpose of the research: 1) describe the names of the months; 2) trace the etymology of the names of the months from a historical and cultural point of view; 3) to conduct a comparative analysis of lexical units in synchronic and diachronic aspects, taking into account their specificity. Our research was carried out in line with the ethnolinguistic tradition laid down in Slavic and Balkan studies by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences N.I. Tolstoy. Ethnolinguistics is a direction of linguistics that orientates the researcher to the study of the connection between language and spiritual culture, language and folk mentality, language and folk knowledge, as well as different types of their correspondence. She studies the problem in the ratio of language: ethnos, while sociolinguistics studies it in the ratio of language: society. In ethnolinguistics, a special place (along with art, ritual practice) is occupied by folk knowledge: metrology, meteorology, medicine, traditional food and cuisine, folk architecture, calendar... Traditional time reckoning among the Slavic and Turkic peoples of the planet has its own specific features, dictated primarily by their environment habitat and economic and cultural type of activity. For the Slavs, this is agriculture, for the northern peoples, reindeer husbandry, hunting, fishing, gathering. Therefore, the calendar cycle and the names of the months of these peoples were associated with the annual cycle of management and climatic, natural features of the zone of their residence. This article is the first experience of describing, comparing and analyzing the names of months in Russian, Yakut and Dolgan languages. In the future, these studies will be continued.

comparative studies, Russian language, Yakut language, Dolgan language, names of months, ethnolinguistics, spiritual culture, folk knowledge

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