The article is devoted to the analysis of the protection of the primordial habitat, traditional way of life, economic activity and crafts of the indigenous peoples of the North on the example of Yakutia.The right of indigenous small-numbered peoples to access land, natural and aquatic biological resources, and traditional use of natural resources are fundamental in the system of the constitutional and legal status of these peoples. The special place of the indigenous small-numbered peoples among the indigenous peoples of the country is due to the geographical and climatic features of their original habitat in the Arctic. It is these features that have led to the fact that the traditional types of economic activity and the basis of life of these peoples are reindeer husbandry, hunting and fishing.Giving the territories of traditional nature use of the peoples of the North the status of specially protected territories increases their human, environmental value and implies the development of mechanisms of legal protection - regulatory legal acts of land use, restricting or prohibiting types of activities that are incompatible with the main purpose of these lands, namely traditional nature use.