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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arkhumsci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Арктика XXI век</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic XXI century</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-7378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-7386</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/3034-7378-2026-14-3-44-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arkhumsci-272</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К атрибуции предполагаемых юкагиризмов мөөмө ‘медведь’ и хайыһар ‘лыжи’ в якутском языке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the attribution of putative Yukaghirisms möömö ‘bear’ and khajyһar ‘skis’ in the Yakut language</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-3771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курилова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurilova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КУРИЛОВА Самона Николаевна - кандидат филологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Международная научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Лингвистическая экология Арктики»</p><p>Якутск</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: JEZ-7713-2023, Scopus Author ID: 58634943800, Elibrary AuthorID: 628899</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samona N. KURILOVA - Cand. Sci. (Philology), Senior Researcher, International Research Laboratory “Linguistic Ecology of the Arctic”</p><p>Yakutsk</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: JEZ-7713-2023, Scopus Author ID: 58634943800, Elibrary AuthorID: 628899</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samonakur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Курилова С.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курилова С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurilova S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.arcticjournal.ru/jour/article/view/272">https://www.arcticjournal.ru/jour/article/view/272</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена проблеме атрибуции заимствований в условиях разнонаправленных контактов. Объект исследования – две лексемы якутского языка, мөөмө ‘медведь’ и хайыһар ‘лыжи’, которые традиционно рассматриваются как возможные юкагиризмы. Актуальность работы определяется тем, что юкагирские элементы в якутском языке оставались на периферии исследовательского внимания: в юкагироведении исследования главным образом сосредоточены преимущественно на заимствованиях в юкагирский язык, тогда как обратное направление детально и систематически не изучалось. Цель работы – установить степень надежности юкагирской этимологии для каждой из двух лексем, для чего была проведена систематизация диалектного материала, сопоставление якутских форм с юкагирскими и тунгусо-маньчжурскими данными, анализ фонетического освоения рассматриваемых лексем средствами якутской фонологии. Материалом послужили диалектологические и толковые словари, этимологические работы и базы данных StarLing. Применялись сравнительно-исторический, этимологический, фонетический, ареальный и диалектологический методы. Результаты показали принципиально разную степень надежности атрибуции. Для мөөмө совокупность признаков – локализация исключительно в северных говорах, помета о заимствовании в диалектологических словарях, точное юкагирское соответствие при отсутствии самостоятельных тунгусских параллелей – позволяет считать юкагирскую этимологию наиболее вероятной. Для хайыһар наличие самостоятельной эвенской формы и отсутствие прямых доказательств юкагирского источника не позволяют вынести однозначного решения: лексема квалифицируется как ареальная контактная единица с неопределенным направлением заимствования. Таким образом, ни один из критериев атрибуции не является достаточным сам по себе, лишь их совокупность позволяет с той или иной степенью уверенности говорить о направлении заимствования. Перспективы исследования связаны с уточнением статуса эвенского қайсар, изучением всей системы якутских обозначений лыж и расширением материала за счет других предполагаемых юкагиризмов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article addresses the problem of attributing borrowings in the context of multidirectional contacts. The object of the study is two lexemes of the Yakut language, möömö ‘bear’ and khajyһar ‘skis’, which are traditionally regarded as possible Yukaghirisms. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that Yukaghir elements in the Yakut language have remained on the periphery of scholarly attention: in Yukaghir studies, research has focused mainly on borrowings into the Yukaghir language, whereas the reverse direction has not been studied in detail and systematically. The aim of the work is to establish the degree of reliability of the Yukaghir etymology for each of the two lexemes; for this purpose, the dialect material was systematized, Yakut forms were compared with Yukaghir and Tungusic-Manchu data, and the phonetic adaptation of the lexemes under consideration by means of Yakut phonology was analyzed. The material includes dialectological and explanatory dictionaries, etymological works, and StarLing databases. Comparative-historical, etymological, phonetic, areal, and dialectological methods were employed. The results showed a fundamentally different degree of reliability of attribution. For möömö, a combination of features – localization exclusively in northern dialects, a borrowing label in dialectological dictionaries, and an exact Yukaghir correspondence in the absence of independent Tungusic parallels – allows the Yukaghir etymology to be considered the most probable. For khajyһar, the presence of an independent Even form and the absence of direct evidence of a Yukaghir source do not permit an unambiguous decision: the lexeme is qualified as an areal contact unit with an indeterminate direction of borrowing. Thus, no single criterion of attribution is sufficient by itself; only their combination allows one to speak with varying degrees of confidence about the direction of borrowing. Prospects for further research are connected with clarifying the status of the Even qаjsаr, studying the entire system of Yakut ski designations, and expanding the material at the expense of other putative Yukaghirisms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>юкагирский язык</kwd><kwd>якутский язык</kwd><kwd>эвенский язык</kwd><kwd>диалектная локализация</kwd><kwd>лексика</kwd><kwd>заимствование</kwd><kwd>направление заимствования</kwd><kwd>атрибуция</kwd><kwd>критерии атрибуции</kwd><kwd>фонетическая адаптация</kwd><kwd>семантическая мотивация</kwd><kwd>параллели</kwd><kwd>ареальная контактная единица</kwd><kwd>этимология</kwd><kwd>реконструкция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Yukaghir language</kwd><kwd>Yakut language</kwd><kwd>Even language</kwd><kwd>dialect localization</kwd><kwd>lexicon</kwd><kwd>borrowing</kwd><kwd>direction of borrowing</kwd><kwd>attribution</kwd><kwd>criteria of attribution</kwd><kwd>phonetic adaptation</kwd><kwd>semantic motivation</kwd><kwd>parallels</kwd><kwd>areal contact unit</kwd><kwd>etymology</kwd><kwd>reconstruction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Цифровое описание языков народов Севера РФ (на материале якутского языка и его диалектов)» (Соглашение № FSRG-2026-0011)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment “Digital Description of the Languages of the Peoples of the North of the Russian Federation (Based on the Yakut Language and Its Dialects)”, Agreement No. FSRG-2026-0011</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иохельсон В.И. 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