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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arkhumsci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Арктика XXI век</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic XXI century</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-7378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-7386</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/3034-7378-2025-4-111-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arkhumsci-245</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>В поиске эрыма: представления о лидерах и лидерстве в сельских сообществах Чукотки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>In search for ‘erym’: views on leaders and leadership  in rural communities of Chukotka</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-7166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярзуткина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarzutkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярзуткина Анастасия Алексеевна – кандидат исторических наук, начальник,  Научно-образовательный  центр  «Циркумполярная  Чукотка» </p><p> WoS  Researcher ID: AAF-3748-2019</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55815641600</p><p>Elibrary Author ID: 489809</p><p>Анадырь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia A. Yarzutkina – Cand. Sci. (History), Head, the Scientific and Educational Center “CircumpolarChukotka”AnadyrWoS  Researche ID:  AAF-3748-2019</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55815641600</p><p>Elibrary Author ID:  489809</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jarzut@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чукотский филиал Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М.К.Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chukotka Branch of M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ярзуткина А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ярзуткина А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yarzutkina A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.arcticjournal.ru/jour/article/view/245">https://www.arcticjournal.ru/jour/article/view/245</self-uri><abstract><p>В социальной антропологии проблематика лидерства сопряжена со сложностями определения, анализа и изучения этого феномена в различных обществах с различным пониманием власти. Представление исследователя о «лидерстве» и «лидерах» может не совпадать с этнографической реальностью и препятствовать поиску лидера в локальных сообществах. В статье предлагается вариант выявления лидеров через исследование представлений об эрыме, что в переводе с чукотского языка означает «начальник», «хозяин», «насильник», «сильнейший». На основании анализа полевого этнографического материала, полученного в десяти национальных селах Чукотки, рассматривается, как жители труднодоступных арктических поселений конструируют образ лидера в своей конкретной локации, по каким критериям стоит искать лидера в поселении и как  чукотский  язык  и  мировоззрение  повлияли  на  формирование  образа  современного лидера. Выделяется два аспекта, с помощью которых можно «увидеть» лидера в конкретном сообществе Чукотки: административное положение и такие качественные характеристики, как сила и способность подчинять. Делается вывод, что человек, занимающий руководящую должность в селе, уже имел определенные лидерские характеристики или же развивал их, чтобы соответствовать образу «лидера», сконструированному в данном сельском сообществе. Локальные черты лидера выражались в основном посредством описания деятельности человека,  то  есть  через  определенные  действия, которые были важны именно для этой конкретной территории и сообщества. Неизменными, универсальными чертами лидера были сила (физическая и психологическая) и способность к защите и насилию. Чаще всего в процессе поиска лидеров эти характеристики стабильно приводили к людям, которые оказывались главными и самыми влиятельными в сообществе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In social anthropology, the problem of leadership lies in the complexity of defining, analysing and studying this phenomenon in different societies, each understanding power  in  their  own  unique  way.  A  researcher’s  conception  of  ‘leadership’  and ‘leaders’ may not coincide with ethnographic reality and may hinder the search for leaders in local communities. This article proposes a method for finding leaders by studying perceptions of ‘erym’, which translates from the Chukot language as ‘chief’, ‘master’, ‘rapist’, or ‘strongest’. Based on field ethnographic material obtained in ten national villages in Chukotka, the article examines how residents of remote Arctic settlements assemble the image of a leader in their specific location, what criteria should be used to search for a leader in a settlement, and how the Chukchi language and beliefs system have influenced the contemporary understanding of what a modern leader is. We have identified two aspects which can be used to pinpoint a leader in a specific Chukotka community, namely, a person’s social position and qualities such as  strength  and  the  ability  to  command. We  have  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  a person holding a leadership position in a village had already had certain leadership traits or had developed them in order to it the image of a ‘leader’ formed in that specific rural community. Local traits of a leader were expressed mainly through a description of a person’s activities, i.e. through certain actions that were important for that particular territory and community. The unchanging universal characteristics of a leader were strength (physical and psychological) and the ability to defend and exercise  violence.  Most  often,  when  searching  for  leaders,  these  characteristics have consistently produced results, leading to people who turned out to be the most important and influential in a specific community</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антропология власти</kwd><kwd>лидеры</kwd><kwd>лидерство</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>Чукотка</kwd><kwd>сельские сообщества</kwd><kwd>властные отношения</kwd><kwd>коренные жители Чукотки</kwd><kwd>культурный контекст</kwd><kwd>мировоззрение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anthropology  of  power</kwd><kwd>leaders</kwd><kwd>leadership</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>Chukotka</kwd><kwd>rural  communities</kwd><kwd>power  relations</kwd><kwd>indigenous  peoples  of  Chukotka</kwd><kwd>cultural  context</kwd><kwd>world view</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках научного проекта РНФ «Лидерство в удаленных арктических поселениях: антропологическое и социолингвистическое исследование властных отношений» по соглашению № 24-28-0556</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was funded by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation  “Leadership in Remote Arctic Settlements: the Anthropological and Sociolinguistic  study of Relations of Power”, No. 24-28-00556)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков В.В.,Хархордин О.В.Теория практик. 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