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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arkhumsci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Арктика XXI век</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Arctic XXI century</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-7378</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-7386</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/2310-5453-2025-2-67-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">arkhumsci-222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модель изучения языка, основанная на диффузии, и межъязыковая дистанция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A diffusion-based model of language learning and interlingual distance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-8780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Александр Виссарионович – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, научно-исследовательская кафедра «Вычислительныетехнологии», Институт математики и информатики, </p><p> Якутск </p><p>WoS ResearcherID: H-7502-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57194029133</p><p>Elibrary AuthorID: 788485</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Grigorev – Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor, Institute of Mathematics and Information Science, ScientificResearch Department “Computing Technologies”</p><p>Yakutsk</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: H-7502-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57194029133</p><p>Elibrary AuthorID: 788485</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">re5itsme@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-9363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Го</surname><given-names>Ч.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Го Ч. – кандидат физико-математических наук, преподаватель, Институт математических наук</p><p>Ляочэн</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: GQO-9442-2022</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57215305659</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhenwei Guo – Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Teacher, School of Mathematical Sciences</p><p>Liaocheng</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: GQO-9442-2022</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57215305659</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guozhenweilcu@163.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Ляочэн</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Liaocheng University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьев А.В., Го Ч., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьев А.В., Го Ч.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigorev A.V., Guo Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.arcticjournal.ru/jour/article/view/222">https://www.arcticjournal.ru/jour/article/view/222</self-uri><abstract><p>Понимание процесса изучения языка и количественная оценка межъязыковых взаимосвязей представляют собой ключевые задачи лингвистики, когнитивной науки и языковой педагогики. В данной работе предлагается новая концептуальная модель, описывающая освоение второго языка как процесс диффузии в структурированном многомерном языковом пространстве. Мы вводим формальную метрику межъязыковой дистанции, основанную на лингвистических признаках, для количественного измерения структурных и функциональных различий между языками. Опираясь на нелинейные модели диффузии Баренблатта, мы концептуализируем процесс изучения языка как многоконтинуальную диффузию, где различные языковые компоненты (фонетика, грамматика, лексика и прагматика) рассматриваются в качестве взаимодействующих, но самостоятельных континуумов. Каждый континуум эволюционирует согласно собственной динамике диффузии, что позволяет отразить вариативную сложность и скорость освоения различных языковых подсистем. Взаимодействие между континуумами моделирует взаимовлияние языковых компетенций в реальном процессе обучения. Предложенная модель верифицируется на эмпирических данных о скорости освоения второго языка для различных языковых пар. Результаты демонстрируют корреляцию между диффузионными расстояниями в каждом континууме и наблюдаемыми трудностями освоения соответствующих языковых аспектов. Данный подход не только предлагает новую теоретическую перспективу для исследования языкового обучения, но и создает прогностическую основу для разработки учебных программ, моделирования учащихся и применения в многоязычных NLP- и ИИ-системах. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Understanding the process of language learning and quantifying interlingual relationships are central challenges in linguistics, cognitive science, and language education. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that models second language acquisition as a diffusion process within a structured, multidimensional space of languages. We introduce a formal measure of interlingual distance, grounded in linguistic features, to quantify structural and functional differences between languages. Building on Barenblatt-type nonlinear diffusion models, we represent language learning as a multicontinua diffusion process, where distinct components of language – such as phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, and pragmatics – are treated as separate, interacting continua. Each continuum evolves independently according to its own diffusion dynamics, capturing the heterogeneous difficulty and pace of learning across linguistic subsystems. The interaction between these continua reflects the coupling between linguistic competencies in real-world acquisition. We can validate this model with empirical data on second language learning rates across various language pairs, demonstrating that diffusion distances in each continuum correlate with observed learning difficulties in the corresponding language domain. This approach not only offers a new theoretical lens on language learning but also provides a predictive framework for curriculum design, learner modeling, and applications in multilingual NLP and AI systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>освоение второго языка</kwd><kwd>языковое расстояние</kwd><kwd>мультиконтинуальная диффузия</kwd><kwd>нейронные языковые вложения</kwd><kwd>моделирование анизотропной диффузии</kwd><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>second language acquisition</kwd><kwd>language distance</kwd><kwd>multicontinua diffusion</kwd><kwd>neural language embeddings</kwd><kwd>anisotropic diffusion modeling</kwd><kwd>finite element method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dörnyei Z. The Psychology of Second Language Acquisition. 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