The Arctic transport and communication initiative of the 21st century, with the Chinese idea of the «Polar Silk Road» as an example, is considered as a concept of peaceful coexistence within the framework of achieving the «Common Future» of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The Arctic concept is presented using the world-political approach of N. K. Kharlampieva, which highlights the conceptual components of international relations development at the level of strategic planning of economic, transport and communication processes at the regional and global levels. This approach made it possible to build a strategic structure: a) to study the development of transport communication in the Arctic as a methodology; b) to describe the basis for the development of the Arctic transport and communication infrastructure. In the context of a tense foreign policy situation, it is particularly important to focus on the development of transport communication between China and Russia, where the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals plays a special role in the development of the Arctic transport and communication infrastructure in the 21st century at the bilateral level.